Pomeranian (Pom): Dog Breed Characteristics & Care

Pomeranian History

Pomeranians, originating from the province of Pomerania, were developed from ancient Spitz breeds of the far northern countries. Belonging to the Spitz or Northern group of dogs, they share characteristics like wedge-shaped heads, prick ears, and thick furry coats with breeds such as the Norwegian Elkhound, Schipperke, German Spitz, American Eskimo Dog, and Samoyed. Initially, Pomeranians weighed up to 30 pounds.

Throughout history, notable figures like Martin Luther, Michelangelo, Isaac Newton, and Mozart were known to have Pomeranian-type dogs. However, the breed gained widespread popularity during the reign of Queen Victoria, who had a special fondness for Pomeranians. Victoria’s Pomeranian named Marco, encountered during a trip to Italy in 1888, inspired the breeding of smaller Pomeranians.

Queen Victoria’s influence led to the stabilization of the breed standard, with Pomeranians’ size decreasing and their characteristic deep frilling developing. A broader range of colors also became available, expanding from the original white, black, chocolate, and blue to include orange. The popularity of Pomeranians crossed the Atlantic, with the first entry into the American Kennel Club (AKC) stud book in 1888. By 1909, the American Pomeranian Club became a member of the AKC, solidifying the breed’s popularity in the United States, where they eventually became one of the most popular dog breeds. Today, they rank 14th among the 155 breeds and varieties registered by the AKC. 

Pomeranian Personality

The outgoing Pomeranian is intelligent and lively, enjoying interactions with both people and other animals. However, caution is advised as they may perceive themselves as larger than they are, potentially challenging bigger dogs. Their alert and inquisitive nature makes them excellent watchdogs, but training to control excessive barking is essential. Temperament, influenced by factors like heredity, training, and socialization, is crucial in selecting a puppy. opt for one with middle temperament, avoiding overly aggressive or excessively shy individuals.

Addressing behavioral traits early is vital, as aggression and shyness may not be outgrown. Meeting at least one parent, preferably the mother, ensures a favorable temperament. Socialization, exposing Pomeranians to diverse stimuli, is vital during their formative stages. Puppy kindergarten classes, regular visits from guests, and outings to parks and stores contribute to well-rounded social development. Ensuring that the dog’s interactions with people, sights, and sounds are positive helps mold a Pomeranian into a friendly, calm, and easy-to-live-with companion. 

Pomeranian Feeding & Diet

Recommended daily food amount for Pomeranians: 1/4 to 1/2 cup of high-quality dry food, divided into two meals. Adult dog’s food intake depends on factors like size, age, build, metabolism, and activity level. Individual differences exist among dogs, and their food requirements vary. Highly active dogs require more food than less active counterparts. The quality of dog food matters; better-quality food provides more nourishment, requiring less quantity. Consider individualized guidelines for buying the right food, feeding puppies, and feeding adult dogs.

Pomeranian Food Composition:

Optimal Pomeranian diet is balanced, considering life stage and energy needs with high-quality protein, healthy fats, vitamins, minerals, and fiber from vegetables and berries.

Things to consider while feeding your Pomeranian

• Monitor weight through visual and hands-on checks.
• Adjust food and exercise based on weight and activity level.
• Special care needed for Pomeranian to prevent rapid growth-related issues.

Fruits that Pomeranian can eat:

• Blueberries – Rich in antioxidants, especially phytonutrients and anthocyanins.
• Raspberries – High in antioxidants, choose organic for greater benefits.
• Pumpkin – Beneficial in specific situations, opt for 100% fresh pumpkin over canned.
• Mango – A healthy stone fruit, rich in vitamins and low in calories.
• Watermelon – 92% water, ideal for hydration on hot days.
• Apples – Provide bite-size slices, avoiding core and seeds.
• Bananas – Feed in moderation, avoiding excess for dogs with specific health conditions.
• Strawberries
• Pineapple
• Oranges (occasional slice)
• Cantaloupe
• Kiwifruit
• Nectarines.

Pomeranian Care

Pomeranians thrive in active indoor environments, making them suitable companions for apartment dwellers or those without a fenced yard. With a moderate activity level, they delight in multiple short daily walks and play sessions. Despite their hardiness, it’s crucial to consider their small size and sensitivity to heat, limiting prolonged outdoor activities.

Their love for play makes toys essential, and variety is key to prevent boredom. Regularly rotating toys keeps them engaged, especially with toys that offer mental challenges. An enjoyable and beneficial activity for both owner and Pom is trick training. Pomeranians, with their love for learning and attention, find trick training a bonding experience that provides exercise and mental stimulation. Due to their short attention span, keeping training sessions brief and enjoyable is essential. Positive reinforcement through praise, treats, or play enhances the learning experience when the Pom correctly performs commands or exhibits desired behavior.

How to care for a Pomeranian at home?

You need to keep following things in mind for Pomeranian care at home:

Nutritious Diet

• Opt for natural, high-quality dog food to avoid harmful ingredients.
• Beware of fillers, chemical preservatives, and coloring dyes in commercial dog food.
• Avoid flavor enhancers like MSG and prioritize real meat in the ingredients.

Dental Health

• Regularly check and maintain your Pomeranian’s oral health.
• Tartar and plaque can lead to infections and periodontal diseases.
• Brush your Pomeranian’s teeth daily using appropriate tools and non-foaming, fluoride-free dog toothpaste.
• Explore additional dental care methods, including supplements, dental sprays, and raw meaty bones.

Coat Care

• Use proper tools for brushing the double coat of Pomeranian fur.
• Regular brushing prevents matting, distributes body oils, and removes trapped debris.
• Brush daily during heavy shedding periods and aim for 2-3 times a week otherwise.

Exercise Requirements

• Engage your Pomeranian in regular exercise to promote overall health.
• Moderate cardio exercises benefit heart health, muscle mass, metabolism, and emotional well-being.
• Aim for two brisk walks of 15 to 20 minutes each daily.

Veterinary Check-Ups

• Schedule regular wellness checks with the vet, at least once or twice a year.
• Senior Pomeranians may require biannual check-ups.
• Early detection of health issues such as hip dysplasia, patella luxation, and heart disease is crucial.
• Discuss diet, exercise, and any concerns about your Pomeranian’s health during vet visits.

Pomeranian Health Issues

 Pomeranians are generally healthy but can be prone to specific health conditions. Health clearances from reputable breeders are essential for ensuring the parents are free of certain diseases.

Common Health Concerns

• Allergies: Pomeranians may experience various allergies, including contact and food allergies. Look for signs such as paw licking or face rubbing and consult a vet.
• Epilepsy: Some Pomeranians may develop epilepsy, leading to seizures. Consult a vet for appropriate treatment.
• Eye Problems: Pomeranians are susceptible to eye issues like cataracts, dry eye, and tear duct problems. Regular vet check-ups are crucial for early detection.
• Hip Dysplasia: Although rare, hip dysplasia can occur in Pomeranians. Monitoring genetics, environment, and diet is essential.

Specific Health Conditions

• Legg-Perthes Disease: Affecting the hip joint, Legg-Perthes requires surgery to address the disintegration of the femur head. Signs usually appear at 4 to 6 months old.
• Patellar Luxation: A common problem, where the kneecap dislocates, causing pain. Many dogs can lead normal lives with this condition.
• Collapsed Trachea: The trachea tends to collapse easily, leading to a chronic cough. Training and using a harness can help manage the condition.
• Dental Problems: Pomeranians are prone to teeth and gum issues, emphasizing the need for regular dental exams and care.

Pomeranians with Children and Other Pets

Pomeranian love to play. Their behavior with kids and other pets is always friendly and playful.

Pomeranians with Kids

The bold and active Pomeranian is a playful companion, but he is best suited to a home with older children who can handle him carefully. Breeders often avoid selling puppies to homes with very young children due to the risk of accidental injuries. Despite their sturdiness, Pomeranians are susceptible to harm if dropped or stepped on by a clumsy child. It is crucial to teach children proper ways to approach and touch dogs and to always supervise interactions to prevent any accidental injuries or aggressive behavior. Children should be educated not to approach a dog while eating and never attempt to take away the dog’s food. It is advisable never to leave a dog unsupervised with a child.

Pomeranians with Others

Pomeranians can form good relationships with cats and other animals, especially if raised together. However, caution is needed when it comes to bigger dogs. Pomeranians, unaware of their small size, may fearlessly challenge larger dogs. It’s essential to protect them from potential harm and ensure a safe environment. Proper supervision and training can contribute to positive interactions between Pomeranians and other animals, fostering harmonious relationships.

Pomeranians Training

Proper potty training for your Pomeranian involves consistency. If outdoor training is not feasible, indoor house-training using pee pads or a litter box in a designated area is an option. Guide your pup to the designated spot when you notice sniffing, use a verbal cue like “potty,” and reward immediately after he goes. Outdoor training requires repetition, consistency, and safe spaces. Take your Pomeranian out frequently, especially if he hasn’t received puppy shots. Use a specific command, praise, and reward when he goes. Consistency is key for successful potty training.

• Obedience Training with Pomeranians

Beyond potty training, basic commands and socialization are crucial for Pomeranians. Socialize your Pom with various people and pets from a young age to adulthood. Introduce family members individually in a calm manner. Regular exposure to different animals prevents territorial behavior. Supervised introductions on a leash can lead to positive interactions. Obedience training addresses barking issues. Keep your Pomeranian busy with toys to curb boredom-related barking. Socialization helps prevent excessive barking at guests. Teach your Pom to accept the removal of toys or food to avoid territorial behavior. Consistent training and socialization contribute to a well-behaved Pomeranian.

• Teach them not to bark 

Pomeranian dogs bark a lot for self-defense, excitement or warning but unnecessary barking can cause various issues to you and the neighborhood. You must keep your Pomeranian busy because they bark when they are bored. You can provide them with various toys and enough playtime. Ensure that the Pomeranian has a safe place to live in a house where he is not uncomfortable. Investing some time and effort can lower the braking of your Pomeranian. 

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